اثر پیش‌تیمار اسید‌هیومیک بر جوانه‌زنی گیاه دارویی و اقتصادی سرخارگل (.Echinacea purpurea L) در شرایط یکسان تنش‌های خشکی و شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 استادیارگروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

به‌‌منظور بررسی اثر پیش‌تیمار اسیدهیومیک بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی بذر سرخارگل در شرایط یکسان خشکی و شوری، دو آزمایش مستقل همزمان در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهارسطح اسیدهیومیک (0، 20، 40 و 60 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و پنج سطح تنش (0، 1- ، 2- ، 3- و 4- بار) به‌ترتیب برای تنش شوری و خشکی در سه تکرار انجام شد. از محلول‌های NaCl و  PEGبه‌ترتیب برای ایجاد تنش شوری و خشکی استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش تنش شوری و خشکی به‌طور معنی‌دار از درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه، ساقه‌چه و وزن تر ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه و بنیه بذر کاسته شد و در سطح 4- بار شوری و خشکی به صفر رسید. اسید‌هیومیک نیز تا سطح 3- خشکی و شوری اثر معنی‌داری بر خصوصیات یاد شده داشت. اثر متقابل اسید‌هیومیک و تنش خشکی فقط برای درصد جوانه‌زنی و وزن ریشه‌چه معنی‌دار بود ولی شرایط شوری روی تمامی خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی در سطح یک ‌درصد معنی‌دار بود. به طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که جوانه‌زنی بذرهای سرخارگل تا حدودی شرایط تنش خشکی را بهتر از شرایط شوری تحمل می‌کند. همچنین پیش‌تیمار بذر توسط اسید‌هیومیک در مناطق شور و خشک می‌تواند باعث مقاومت بذر گیاه دارویی سرخارگل در مرحله جوانه‌زنی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


[1].    Ali, Q., Abdullah, P., & Ibrar, M. (1998). Effects of some environmental factors on germination and growth of Planta goovata Forsk. Pakistan Journal of Forestry, 38, 143-155.
[2].    Amiri, M. B., RezvaniMoghaddam, P., Ehyai, H. R., Fallahi J., & Aghhavani Shajari M. (2010). Effect of osmotic and salinity stresses on germination and seedling growth indices of artichoke (Cynaras coolymus) and purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 3, 165-176 (in Persian).
[3].    Ashraf, M., & Waheed, A. (1990). Screening of local exotic of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) for salt tolerance at two growth stage. Plant and Soil, 128, 167-176.
[4].    Ashraf, M., Athar, H.R., Harris, P.J.C., & Kwon, T.R. (2008). Some prospective   strategies for improving crop salt tolerance. Advan. Agron, 97, 45–110.

[5].    Ayuso, M., Hernandez, T., & Garcia, C. (1996). Effect of humic fractions from urban wastes and other more evolved organic materials on seed germination. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 72 (4), 461-468.

[6].    Azam, F. & K.A. Mauk. (1983). Effect of humic acid soaking on seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 15, 31-38.
[7].    Baalbaki, R. Z., Zurayk, R. A., Bleik, S. N., & Talhuk, A. (1990). Germination and seedling development of drought susceptible wheat under moisture stress. Seed Science Technology, 17, 291-302.
[8].    Bohnert, H.J., Nelson D.E., & Jensen R.G. (1995). Adaptation to environmental stresses. Plant Cell, 7, 1099–1111.
[9].    Burnett, S., Thomas, P., and Van Iersel, M. (2005). Post germination drenches with PEG-8000 reduce growth of salvia and marigolds. Horticulture Science, 40(3), 675-679.
[10].  Cutt, J.R., & Klessig, D.F. (1992). Salicylic acid in plants: A changing perspective. Pharmaceutical Technology, 16, 25–34.
[11].  Finch-Savage, W.E., & Leubner-Metzger, G. )2006(. Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New  Phytologist, 171, 501–523.
[12].  Foyer, CH., Lopez-Delgado H, Dat JF, Scott IM. (1997). Hydrogen peroxide- and glutathioneassociated mechanisms of acclamatory stress tolerance and signalling. Plant Physiolgy, 100, 241–254.

Ghoulam, C.F., Ahmed, F., & Khalid, F. (2001). Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 47, 139–150.

Gladisheva, O.N. (1995). Experimental studies on production and processing technology, and establishment of raw material uses and seed plantation of E. Purpurea under samara region. THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 214 – 3.

[13].  Godfery, W.N., Onyango, J.C., & Boysan, E. B. (2007). Sorghum and salinity: Gas exchange and chlorophy fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Sciences, 44, 806-811.
[14].  Golbashy, M., Zarabi, M., & Shariatmadari, M.H. (2009). A study of salinity and drought stress on germination and early growth in Hisun variety of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Abstract book of hamayesh meli eslah olgoye masraf dar keshavarzi VA manabe tabiei. University of Kermanshah. P. 224.
[15].  Gulser, F., Sonmez, F., & Boysan, S. (2010). Effects of calcium nitrate and humic acid on pepper seedling growth under saline condition. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(5), 873-876.
[16].  Hampson, C. R., & Simposon, G. M. (1990). Effect of temperature, salt and osmotic potential on early growth of wheat. П. Early seedling growth. Canadian Journal of Botany, 68, 524-528.
[17].  Hartmann, H.T., & Kester, D.E. (1983). Plant propagation: principles and practice. NewJersey: prentice Hall.
[18].  Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Hosseyni, H. & Masumi, A. (2005). The physiological effects of stress caused by PEG on germination varieties of lentils. Journal of agricultural research of Iran, 3 (1), 69-79 (in Persian with English abstract).
[19].  Koo, E.S. (2006). Humic acid or fulvic acid: which organic acid accelerates the germination of the green mung beans? California State Science Fair. 1617.   

Kauser, A., & Azam, F. (1985). Effect of humic acid on wheat seeding growth. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 25, 245 –252.

[20].  Leung, J., Bouvier-Durand, M., Morris, P.C., Guerrier, D., Chedfor, F., & Giraudat, J. (1994). Arabidopsis ABA-response gene ABI1: features of a calcium-modulated protein phosphatase. Plant Science, 264, 1448–1452.
[21].  Liu, C., & Cooper, R.J. (2000). Humic substances influence creeping bentgrass growth. Golf Course Management, P, 49-53.
[22].  Mackowiak, C.L., Grosslnd, P.R. and Bugbee, B.G. (2001). Beneficial effects of humic acid on micronutrient availability to wheat. Soil Sciences.65: 1744-1750.
[23].  Mallikarjuna M., Govindasamy, R., & Chandrasekaran, S. (1987). Effect of humic acid on sorghum vulgare var.CSH-9. Current Sciences, 56, 1273.
[24].  Omidbaigi, R. (2002). Study of cultivation and adaptability of purple coneflower (Echinaceae purpurea) in the north of Tehran. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 6(2), 231-240. (In Persian)
[25].  Onder, T., Dursun, A., Turan, M., & Erdinc, C. (2004). Calcium and humic acid affect seed germination, growth and nutrient content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings under saline soil conditions. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B Soil & Plant Scienc, 54(3), 168-174.
[26].  Prisco J.T., Babtista, C.R., & Pinheiro, J.L. (1992). Hydration dehydration seed pre- treatmentand its effects on seed germination under water stress condition. Revta Brasil Botany, 15(1), 31-35.
[27].  Piccolo, A., Celanoand, G., &Pietramellara, G. (1993). Effects of fractions of coal-derived humic substances on seed germination and growth of seedlings (Lactuca sativa and Lycopersiconesculentum). Biology and fertility of soils, 16,11-15.
[28].  Pmustafa, P., Türkmen, Ö., & Dursun, Ö. (2010). Effects of potassium and humic acid on emergence, growth and nutrient contents of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seedling under saline soil conditions. African Journal of Botechnology, (33), 5343-5346.
[29].  Rajasekaran, L. R., Stiles, A., Surette, M.A., Sturz, A. V., Blake, T. J., Caldwell, C., & Nowak, J. (2002). Stand Establishment Technologies for Processing Carrots Effects of various temperature regimes on germination and the role of salicylates in promoting germination at low temperatures. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82, 443-450.
[30].  Sabzavari, S., khazaei, H., & kafi, M. (2010). Effect humic acid on root and shoot growth of sabalan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Gurnal of water and soil. Agriculture sciences and Industries, 23, 87-94. ( in Persian)
[31].  Srashti, A., & Mohammadian moghadam, S. (2006). Identify Cation exchange capacity of humic acid extracted from forest soils Naharkhoran Gorgan, Than ions Of the ions Pb+2, cd+2 and Ni+2 to metood discontinuous capacity in the aquatic environment. Publication of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 9, 3. (In Persian).
[32].  Srashti, A., & Alidust, M. (2008). Identify compounds humic acid forest soils of northern Iran. Fifteen Congress of Crystallography and Mineralogy of Iran. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. P 361. (In Persian).
[33].  Soltani, A., & Galeshi, S. (2002). Importance of rapid canopy closure for wheat production in a temperate sub-humid environment: experimentation and simulation. Field Crops Research, 77, 17–30.
[34].  Stephan, W.K., & Charles, W.J. (1994). Experimentation with Arkansas lignite to identify organic soil supplements suitable to regional agricultural needs, Proposal Arkansas Tech University.
[35].  Verlinden, G. T., Coussens, A., De, V., & Baert, G. (2010). Effect of humic substances on nutrient uptake by herbage and on production and nutritive value of herbage from sown grass pastures. Grass and Forage Science, 65, 133-144.
[36].  Voigt, E.L., Almeida, T.D., Chagas, R.M., Ponte, L.F.A., Viégas, R.A., & Silveira, J.A.G. (2009). Source – sink regulation of cotyledonary reserve mobilization during cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seedling establishment under NaCl salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166, 80–89.
[37].  Young, C.C., & Chen, L.F. )1997(. Polyamines in humic acid and their effect on radical growth of lettuce seedling. Plant and Soil, 195, 143-149.