اولویت بندی مکان های مناسب احداث سد زیرزمینی با استفاده از مدل های تصمیم گیری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه یزد

2 دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه یزد

3 استاد، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه یزد

4 دانشیار گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی

چکیده

بخش اعظمی از کشور ایران در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک قرار گرفته است. اغلب پهنه­های آبی طبیعی و مخزن سدها در این مناطق، با مشکل تبخیر و خشکسالی مواجه هستند. سدهای زیرزمینی بدلیل ذخیره آب در زیرزمین یکی از بهترین روش‌ها برای حفظ آب در مناطق خشک بحساب می­آید. در این تحقیق سعی شده است با استفاده از مدل­های تصمیم­گیری چند معیاره مکان­های مناسب احداث سد زیرزمینی در منطقه کریان استان هرمزگان اولویت‌بندی شوند. بدین منظور ابتدا با انجام بازدیدهای صحرایی،10مکان مناسب برای احداث سد زیرزمینی تعیین شد. سپس براساس نظرات کارشناسان امر (از طریق پرسشنامه) و مرور منابع علمی، از 10 معیارشامل کمیت آب، کیفیت آب، طول محور سد، عمق محور سد، ضریب ذخیره مخزن، حجم مخزن، تکیه‌گاه‌های محور سد، شیب،  نیاز آبی(شرب، کشاورزی و صنعت)، دسترسی (جاده، روستا و منابع قرضه) جهت اولویت­بندی مکان­های مناسب استفاده شد. در ادامه سه مدل تصمیم­گیری چند معیاره شامل تاپسیس، الکتره 3 و فرآیند تحلیل شبکه­ای مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای انتخاب بهترین رتبه­بندی و عملکرد مدل‌ها از تکنیک ناپارامتریک ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل فرآیند تحلیل شبکه­ای با ضریب همبستگی 91/0 و واریانس 33/3 و انحراف معیار 8/1 بعنوان بهترین مدل انتخاب شد و مکان سدزیرزمینی بندر (Bondar) نیز بعنوان بهترین سایت جهت احداث سد زیرزمینی تعیین گردید.

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