تأثیر تنظیم کننده‌های رشد بر کیفیت میوه انار رقم رباب (Punica granatume L.) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه

2 موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور

چکیده

یکی از محدودیت‌های مهم برای رشد و عملکرد مطلوب گیاهان به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک، دسترسی آن‌ها به آب قابل استفاده است. در سال‌های اخیر تحقیقات گسترده‌ای برای سازگار نمودن گیاهان به تنش‌های محیطی و از جمله تنش خشکی صورت گرفته است. در این تحقیق استفاده از دو تنظیم کننده رشد 24- اپی‌براسینولید و جاسمونیک اسید برای بهبود مقاومت به تنش خشکی در انار رقم رباب (Punica granatume L.) مورد توجه قرار گرفت. سه سطح آبیاری شامل آبیاری کافی (شاهد)، تنش ملایم (75% ظرفیت زراعی) و تنش متوسط ( 50% ظرفیت زراعی) و همچنین نه سطح هورمونی شامل شاهد (آب)، 24- اپی براسینولید (1/0 و 2/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، جاسمونیک اسید (1 و 2 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و ترکیب آن‌ها در چهار سطح در دو مقطع زمانی قبل از گلدهی و قبل از رشد سریع میوه با روش محلول‌پاشی روی برگ‌های درختان بارده انار در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اعمال گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بسیاری از متغیرهای شیمیایی و بیوشیمیایی میوه تحت تاثیر تنش خشکی قرار گرفتند. کاربرد تنظیم کننده‌های رشد 24- اپی‌براسینولید و جاسمونیک اسید موجب تغییر در میزان فنل کل آب و پوست میوه و میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آب و پوست میوه شد. کاربرد ترکیبی 2/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر24- اپی براسینولید و 2 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر جاسمونیک اسید در شرایط رطوبتی شاهد و تنش خشکی موجب بهبود عملکرد فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی پوست میوه شد. کاربرد 2 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر جاسمونیک اسید در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی موجب بهبود فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز آب میوه شد. با این شرایط استفاده از جاسمونیک اسید به تنهایی و یا با 24- اپی براسینولید در غلظت‌های ذکر شده می‌تواند اثر مثبتی بر عملکرد فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی میوه انار داشته باشد.  

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