بررسی وضعیت خشکیدگی گونه‌های بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii) و بنه (Pistacia atlantica) در جنگل‌های زاگرس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای رشته علوم جنگل و کارشناس جنگل، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری، اداره کل منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری رشته جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 دکترای گیاه‌پزشکی، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری، اداره کل منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران.

10.29252/aridbiom.2023.20161.1936

چکیده

خشکیدگی گونه‌های جنگلی، به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه­‌خشک، به‌عنوان یکی از چالش‌های اساسی اکوسیستم‌های مختلف مطرح است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی وضعیت خشکیدگی گونه‌های بلوط ایرانی و بنه در جنگل‌های زاگرس است. برای انجام این مطالعه، جنگل‌های حوزه شهرستان گیلانغرب بررسی شد. در این مطالعه از الگوی نمونه‌برداری تصادفی-منظم استفاده شد. بنابراین تمام سطح تحت پوشش شبکه آماربرداری 3000×3000 متر قرار گرفت. تعداد ۹۲ قطعه نمونه با مساحت 25/0 هکتار در محل تقاطع خطوط در محدوده جنگل‌ها در  نظر گرفته شده و همه درختان در هر قطعه نمونه‌ به صورت صد در صد نمونه‌برداری شد. برای تعیین درجات خشکیدگی، بر اساس مشاهدات عینی از نسبت میزان شاخه‌های خشکیده به کل شاخه‌­های هر درخت استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد موجودی خشکیده گونه‌های بلوط و بنه به‌ترتیب 4/13 و 13/4  مترمکعب در هکتار است. بیشترین و کمترین فراوانی خشکیدگی به‌ترتیب مربوط به گونه بنه درجه 2 (9/46 درصد) و درجه 4 (9/2 درصد) است. فراوانی خشکیدگی هر دو گونه در درجات اولیه (1 و 2) بیشتر بوده در درجات 3 و 4 کاهش یافته است، اما در حالت کاملاً خشکیده دوباره فراوانی درختان افزایش می‌یابد. فراوانی بنه به طور کامل خشکیده نسبت به بلوط به طور کامل خشکیده بسیار کمتر است. نتایج تحلیل واریانس فراوانی درجات خشکیدگی گونه‌های بلوط و بنه نشان می‌­دهد که درصد فراوانی دو گونه به احتمال 95% دارای تفاوت معنی‌­داری نمی‌­باشد. وجود درختان بنه خشکیده همراه با گونه بلوط ایرانی خشکیده نیاز توجه کامل بوده، چراکه نشان‌دهنده شکنندگی این جنگل‌هاست.

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