[1]. Abbas, A. M., Rubio-Casal, A.E., De Cires, A., Figueroa, E.M., Pickart, A.J. & Castillo, J.M. (2020). Burial effects on seed germination and seedling emergence of two halophytes of contrasting seed size. Plant Ecology and Diversity, 13, 339–349. doi: 10.1080/17550874.2020.1832154
[2]. Abbasikesbi, M., Erfanzadeh, R., Fattahi, B. & Sher, A. (2022). Investigation of life form and chorology of soil seed bank in the riparian zone along distance from river (Case study: Giyan river, Hamedan province, Iran). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 29(3), 251-260. doi: 10.22092/ijrdr.2022.127638 [in Farsi]
[3]. Abtahi, M. (2016). Evaluation of increasing the production through selection of appropriate species of range and the influence of different planting methods on the amount of their production (case study: Shoorab ranges of Kashan). Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 7(1), 45-55. doi: 10.22034/jdmal.2021.244521 (in Farsi).
[4]. Ahirwar, R. K. (2015). Effect of sowing depth on seed germination of Butea frondosa (Roxb.). International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4, 45-47. doi: 10.31018/jans.v15i1.4265
[5]. Ahmed, A., Hameed, A., & Saeed, S. (2020). Biochemical profile and bioactive potential of thirteen wild folk medicinal plants from Balochistan, Pakistan. PloS one, 15(8), e0231612. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231612
[6]. Amooaghaie, R. (2014). The effect of some hormones and nitrogenous compounds on capacity, velocity and synchrony of germination of Zygophyllum atriplicoides seeds under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 26(4), 465-475. [in Farsi]
[7]. Ashouri, P., Khodagholi, M., & Motamedi, J. (2020). Distribution of Zygophyllum shrub species in the central and southern regions of Iran. Iran Nature, 5(3), 69-77. doi: 10.22092/irn.2020.122116 [in Farsi]
[8]. Azarnivand, H., & Zare Chahouki, M. A. (2008). Range Improvement, University of Tehran Press. [in Farsi]
[9]. Biabani, A., Rahemi, A., Azarnia, M., Nakhzari, A., Naeimi, M., & safikhani, S. (2018). The effect of planting depth and seed priming on emergence and early seedling growth parameters of lentil (lens culinaris L.). Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research, 5(4), 99-109. doi: 10.22124/jms.2018.2949 [in Farsi]
[10]. Ebrahimi Mohamad Abadi, N., Kaboli, S., HRejali, F., & Zolfaghari, A. A. (2022). Promotion of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Zygophyllum atriplicoides using Chemical, Mechanical, and Biological Priming Treatments. Journal of Rangeland Science, 12(3), 293-307. doi: 10.30495/RS.2022.684746
[11]. Eskandari, I., & Roustaei, Mozafar. (2007). Determination of appropriate seeding depth for bread wheat genotypes in cold drylands area of Maragheh. Seed and Plant, 23(3), 357-371. doi: 10.22092/spij.2017.110735 [in Farsi]
[12]. Farrokhi, R., & Gharedaghi, H. (2019). Review some autecological characteristics of Zygophyllum atriplicoides in the north of Fars Province. (Case study: Ranglands of Abadeh County). Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 11(36), 128-136. [in Farsi]
[13]. Fathi, G., Alemi Saeid, K., & Siadat, S. A. (2001). Effect of seed size and planting depth on dry matter accumulation and yield of corn. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 7(4), 95-106. [in Farsi]
[14]. Fredrick, C., Chima, U. D., & Allison, A. D. (2018). Effect of sowing depth on the germination and early seedling growth of Dialium guineense Willd. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 10, 10-16.
[15]. Gomaa, N.H., Hegazy, A.K., & Alhaithloul, H.A.S. (2023). Facilitation by Haloxylon persicum shrubs enhances density and richness of soil seed bank of annual plants in a hyper-arid ecosystem. Plants, 12(6), 1276. doi: 10.3390/plants12061276
[16]. Jafari, M., & Rostampour, M. (2019). Soil-Plant Relationships: Environmental Stresses, Seed and Seedling (Vol. 2), University of Tehran Press. [in Farsi]
[17]. Jankju, M., & Noedoost, F. (2012). Autecology of Zygophyllum atriplicoides in the rangelands of Northern Khorasan Province. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 65(4), 483-494. doi: 10.22059/jrwm.2012.32047 [in Farsi]
[18]. Kalkate, H., Matinkhah, H., & Jafari, Z. (2020). The Impact of Irrigation Frequency on Growth and Survival of Zygophyllum fabago L. Under Different Irrigation Systems. Water and Soil Science, 30(1), 57-67. dor: 20.1001.1.20085133.1399.30.1.5.1 [in Farsi]
[19]. Khademi, T., Rostampour, M., & Saghari, M. (2021). Nutritive value of dominant rangeland plant species in Kaja and Chahno, Ferdows, South Khorasan. Journal of Rangeland, 15(4), 649-664. dor: 20.1001.1.20080891.1400.15.4.6.7 [in Farsi]
[20]. Koffi, K. K., Ngoran, K. B., Kouakou, K. L., Kouassi, K. I.,Baudoin, J., & Zoro Bi, I. A. (2015). Effects of Seed orientation and sowing depths on Germination, Seedling vigour and yield in oleaginous type of Bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina Standl). International Journal of Research in the Biological, 4(12), 46-53.
[21]. Li, Q. Y., Zhao, W. Z., & Fang, H. Y. (2006). Effects of Sand Burial Depth and Seed Mass on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Nitraria sphaerocarpa. Plant Ecology, 185(2), 191–198. doi: 10.1007/s11258-005-9094-z
[22]. Li, T., Sun, J., Yang, H., Liu, J., Xia, J., & Shao, P. (2020). Effects of shell sand burial on seedling emergence, growth and stoichiometry of Periploca sepium Bunge. BMC plant biology, 20(1), 112. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-2319-4
[23]. Manzoor, S., Hameed, A., Khan, M.A., & Gul, B. (2017). Seed germination ecology of a medicinal halophyte Zygophyllum propinquum: responses to abiotic factors. Flora, 233,163–170. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-57635-6_45
[24]. Mao, P., Guo, L., Gao, Y., Qi, L., & Cao, B. (2019). Effects of Seed Size and Sand Burial on Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings for Coastal Pinus thunbergii Parl. in the Northern Shandong Peninsula, China. Forests, 10(3), 281. doi: 10.3390/f10030281
[25]. Masilamani, P., Parthiban, K. T., Annadurai, K., & Marimuthu, R. (2012). Germination and vigour of ratanjyot (Jatropha curcas L). Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products, 19, 257-260. doi: 10.54207/bsmps2000-2012-1047M5
[26]. Masilamani, P., Venkatesan, S., Navamaniraj, K.N., Rajarathinam, P., Alagesan, A., & Thiagu, K. (2023). Impact of the orientation of seed placement and depth of its sowing on germination: A review. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(1), 314 - 324. doi: 10.31018/jans.v15i1.4265
[27]. Mohamed, E., Kasem, A. M. M. A., Gobouri, A. A., Elkelish, A., & Azab, E. (2020). Influence of Maternal Habitat on Salt Tolerance during Germination and Growth in Zygophyllum coccineum. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(11), 1504. doi: 10.3390/plants9111504
[28]. Mohammadi, Z., 2020. Phytochemical, Antidiabetic and Therapeutic Properties of Zygophyllum. Herbal Medicines Journal, 5(4), 163-177. doi: 10.22087/hmj.v5i4.813
[29]. Mousavi Kouhi, S. M., & Moudi, M. (2020). Assessment of phytoremediation potential of native plant species naturally growing in a heavy metal-polluted saline-sodic soil. Environmental science and pollution research international, 27(9), 10027–10038. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07578-6
[30]. Müller, F.L., Raitt, L.M. Cyster, L.F. Cupido, C.F. Samuels, M.I. Chimphango, S.B.M. & Boatwright, J.S. (2019).The effects of temperature, water availability and seed burial depth on seed germination and seedling establishment of Calobota sericea (Fabaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 121, 224-229. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.012
[31]. Nedjimi, B., & Zemmiri, H. (2019). Salinity effects on germination of Artemisia herba-alba Asso: Important pastoral shrub from North African rangelands. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 72(1), 189-194. doi: 10.1016/j.rama.2018.07.002
[32]. Opande, G. T., Musyimi, D. M. & Muthoni, K. C. (2017). Effects of Planting Depth on Seed Germination and Emergence of Crotalaria Brevidens on Maseno Soils Maseno (Kenya). IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 10(8), 30-34. doi: 0.9790/2380-1008013034
[33]. R Core Team, (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org.
[34]. Rafatpoor, S., & Shahriari, A. (2013). Effects of priming and sodium chloride on the germination and seedling growth of Zygophyllum atriplicoides. Desert Ecosystem Engineering, 2(2), 15-24. [in Farsi]
[35]. Rostampour, M. (2013). Effect of environmental and grazing gradients on the structure of soil seed bank in arid rangelands (Case study: Qaen Rangelands, Southern Khorasan). [Doctoral dissertation, University of Tehran]. https://library.ut.ac.ir/en. [in Farsi]
[36]. Rostampour, M., Akbari, E., & Saghari, M. (2023). Determining proper seed planting depth for fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.). Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 76(3), 253-269. doi: 10.22059/jrwm.2023.356662.1696 [in Farsi]
[37]. Shawky, R., & Keilani, S. (2020). Vegetation and seed bank in relation to microhabitat of Wadi Naghamish, north western coast of Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Desert Research, 70(1), 11-24. doi: 10.21608/ejdr.2020.16979.1042
[38]. Singh, B., Rawat, J. M. S., & Pandeg, V. (2017). Influence of sowing depth and orientation on germination and seedling emergence of Cinnamomum tamala Nees. Journal of Environmental Biology, 38, 271– 276. doi: 10.22438/jeb/38/2/MS-144
[39]. Soltani Poor, M.A., AsadPoor, A., & Bagheri, R. (2011). Study of Pre-treatments on Seed Germination of Zygophyllum atriplicoides. Environmental Erosion Research Journal, 1(2), 69-83. dor: 20.1001.1.22517812.1390.1.2.6.6 [in Farsi]
[40]. South Khorasan Meteorological Administration (2024). Rainfall statistics of 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2024, from https://skhmeteo.ir/uploads/pdfs/precipitation.
[41]. Souza, G. S. F., Marques, R. F., Pereira, M. R. R., Marchi, S. R., & Martins, D. (2021). Light intensity and sowing depth on the emergence and development of weeds. Advances in Weed Science, 39, e02100043. doi: 10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2021;39:00016
[42]. Suleiman, M.K., Bhatt, A., Jacob, S., Thomas, R.R., & Sivadasan, M.T. (2023).Seed Longevity in Desert Species and the Possibility of Forming a Persistent Soil Seed Bank. Sustainability, 15(22), 15904. doi: 10.3390/su152215904
[43]. Tóth, Á., Deák, B., Tóth, K., Kiss, R., Lukács, K., Rádai, Z., Godó, L., Borza, S., Kelemen, A., Miglécz, T., Bátori, Z., Novák, T.J., & Valkó, O. (2022). Vertical distribution of soil seed bank and the ecological importance of deeply buried seeds in alkaline grasslands. PeerJ, 5, 10, e13226. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13226
[44]. Wang, T., Chu, G., Jiang, P., Niu, P., & Wang, M. (2017). Effects of sand burial and seed size on seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling biomass of Anabasis aphylla. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 49, 391–396.
[45]. Wang, G.H., Yu, K.L., & Gou, Q.Q. (2019). Effects of sand burial disturbance on establishment of three desert shrub species in the margin of oasis in northwestern China. Ecological Research, 34, 127–135. doi: 10.1111/1440-1703.1269
[46]. Yang, X., Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., Liu, G., & Huang, Z. (2012). Seed mucilage improves seedling emergence of a sand desert shrub. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e34597. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034597
[47]. Yazdi Samadi, B., Rezai, A., & Valizadeh, M. (2012). Experimental Designs in agricultural Researches, University of Tehran Press. [in Farsi]
[48]. Ye, X., Li, L., Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., Du, J., & Huang, Z. (2019). Sand burial helps regulate timing of seed germination of a dominant herb in an inland dune ecosystem with a semiarid temperate climate. Science of The Total Environment, 680, 44–50. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.087
[49]. Yurong, H., Mei, K., Peng, W., Jiyong, L., Chao, L., Shuai, K., Aldeyarhan, K., & Lu, W. (2022). Study on Seed Bank Composition and Seedling Emergence Regularity in Placer Iron Ore Soil. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 13, 312-318. doi: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.02.013
[50]. Zhao, J., Shi, C., Wang, D., Zhu, Y., Liu, J., Li, H., & Yang, X. (2023). Sand Burial, Rather than Salinity or Drought, Is the Main Stress That Limits the Germination Ability of Sophora alopecuroides L. Seed in the Desert Steppe of Yanchi, Ningxia, China. Plants, 12(15), 2766. doi: 10.3390/plants12152766