اثر سد تنگ حمام بر روی زیستگاه آهوی ایرانی (Subgutturosa Gazella Subgutturosa) در منطقه شکارممنوع قراویز (استان کرمانشاه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیوسیستماتیک جانوری، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

10.29252/aridbiom.2021.2004

چکیده

سدها یکی از بزرگ‌ترین ساخته‌های دست بشر هستند که چرخه هیدرولوژی را به‌شدت تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند. درمجموع می‌توان تأثیر آن‌ها را به دودسته مثبت و منفی تقسیم نمود. آشکارسازی تأثیر این سازه‌ها بر روی زیستگاه حیات‌وحش، یکی از جنبه‌های مهم توسعه محسوب می‌شود. سد مخزنی تنگ حمام واقع در غرب استان کرمانشاه و شهرستان سرپل ذهاب دارای اثرهایی بر روی زیستگاه آهوی ایرانی (Gazella S.Subgutturosa) است. ازاین‌رو، این مطالعه به‌منظور کمی سازی این اثرها روی زیستگاه گونه مذکور انجام‌گرفته و اثر مثبت و منفی آن با تأثیر بر روی تراکم پوشش گیاهی و مطلوبیت زیستگاه، بررسی‌شده است. مطلوبیت زیستگاه با استفاده از روش آنتروپی بیشینه انجام گرفت. از حد آستانه TSS برای ایجاد نقشه‌های باینری استفاده شد. کمی سازی اثر بر روی پوشش گیاهی نیز با استفاده از میانگین شاخص تراکم پوشش گیاهی (NDVI) سال‌های 2014 تا 2019 در فواصل مختلف بین صفر تا 500 متری از پهنه‌های آبی انجام گرفت. درمجموع از سال 2014 تا 2019، مساحت زیستگاه‌های زیرپوشش آب در محدوده موردمطالعه افزایش پیدا کرده است. در صورت افزایش پهنه‌های آبی در سال‌های آتی، لکه‌های مرکزی منطقه و ارتباط با کشور عراق تهدید می‌شوند؛ اما اثر بر تراکم پوشش گیاهی، حاکی از افزایش میانگین شاخص تراکم در فواصل مختلف تا 500 متر نسبت به سد است. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط فعلی، سد دارای اثر مثبت بیشتری است اما این افزایش آب پشت سد در آینده، اثر مثبت برای آهوان منطقه نخواهد داشت.

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