Aboling, S., Sternberg, M., Perevolotsky, A., & Kigel, J. (2008) Effects of cattle grazing timing and intensity on soil seed banks and regeneration strategies in a Mediterranean grassland. Community Ecology 9, 97-106 Akbarzadeh, M. (2005) Study on changing in above ground vegetation and soil seed bank in steppic and semi-steppic region. PhD. Thesis, Tehran University, , 1-153 Altin, M., Gokkus, A., & Koc, A. (2005) Range and meadow improvement and development. T. C. Tarım ve Koy Isleri Bakanlıg, Amrein, D., Rusterholz, H. P., & Baur, B. (2005) Disturbance of suburban Fagus forests by recreational activities: Effects on soil characteristics, above-ground vegetation
and seed bank. Applied Vegetation Science, 8, 175-182 Bertiller, A. M., & Aloia, D. A. (1997) Seed bank strategies in Patagonian semi-arid grasslands in relation to their management and conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 639-650 Chaideftou, E., Thanos, C. A. Bergmeier, E., & Kallimanis, P. (2009) Seed bank composition and above-ground vegetation in response to grazing in sub Mediterranean oak forests (NW Greece). Plant Ecology, 201, 255-265 Erfanzadeh, R., Gurbutt, A., Petillon, J., Maelfati, J. P., & Hoffmann, M. (2009) Factors affecting the success of early salt-marsh colonizers: Seed availability rather than site suitability and dispersal traits. Plant Ecology, 206, 335-345 Erfanzadeh, R., Hendrickx, F., Maelfait, J. P., & Hoffmann, M. (2010) The effect of successional stage and salinity on the vertical distribution of seeds in salt marsh soils. Flora, 205, 442-448 Godefroid, S., Phatyal, S. S., & Koedam, N. (2006) Depth distribution and composition of seed banks under different tree layers in a managed temperate forest ecosystem. Acta Oecologia, 5, 1437-1443 Grandin, U., & Rydin, H. (1998) Attributes of the seed bank after a century of primary succession on islands in Lake Hjalmaren, Sweden. Journal of Ecology, 86 (2), 293-303 Gross, K. L. (1990) A comparison of methods for estimating seed numbers in the soil. Journal of Ecology 78 (4), 1079-1093 Hegazy, A. K., Hammouda, O., Lovett-Doust, J., & Gomaa, N. H. (2009) Variation of the germinable soil seed bank along the altitudinal gradient in the northwestern Red Sea region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29, 20-29 Hutchings, M. J. (1986) Plant population biology methods: in Plant Ecology, , 2nd edition. P. D. Moore & S. B, Chapman, Oxford, Blackwell, UK Kassahum, A., Snyman, H. A., & Smit, G. N. (2009) ). Soil seed bank evaluation along a degradation gradient in arid rangelands of the Somali region, eastern Ethiopia Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, 129, 428-436 Kellerman, M. J. S. (2004) Seed bank dynamics of selected vegetayion types in Maputaland, South Africa. Magister Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, , 1-107 Kinloch, J. E., & Friedel, M. H. (2005) Soil seed reserves in arid grazing lands of central Australia: Part 1. Seed bank and vegetation dynamics. Journal of Arid Environments 60, 133-161 Maranon, T. (1998) Soil seed bank and community dynamics in an annual-dominated Mediterranean salt-marsh. Journal of Vegetation Science, 9, 371-378 Meissner, R. A., & Facelli, J. M. (1999) Effects of sheep exclusion on the soil seed bank and annual vegetation in chenopod shrublands of South Australia. Journal of Arid Environments, 42, 117-128 Mengistu, T., Teketay, D., Hulten, H. & Yemshaw, Y. (2005) The role of enclosures in the recovery of woody vegetation in degraded dryland hillsides of central and northern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 60, 259-281 Mesdaghi, M. (2009) Vegetation analysis and description, Jahad-e- Daneshgahi Press. Mashhad, Iran, Momeni, A. (2005) Study on soil seed bank in grazed and ungrazed area in Chadegan, Esfahan. MSc. Thesis, Isfahan University of Technology , 1-114 Navie, S. C., Cowley, R. A., & Rogers, R. W. (1996) The relationship between distance from water and soil seed bank in a grazed semi-arid subtropical rangeland. Noy-Meir, I., & Briske, D. D. (1996) Fitness components of grazing induced population reduction in a dominant annual, Triticum dicoccoides (wild wheat). Journal of Ecology 84, 439-448 Osem, Y., Perevolotsky A., & Kigel, J. (2006) Similarity between seed bank and vegetation in a semi-arid annual community: the role of productivity and grazing. Journal of Vegetation Science, 17, 29-36 Page, M. J., & Beeton, R. J. S. (2000) Is the removal of domestic stock sufficient to restore semi-arid conservation areas? Pacific Conservation Biology, 6, 245-253 Roberts, H. A. (1981) Seed banks in soils. Advances in Applied Biology, 6, 1-55 Peco, B., Ortega, M., & Levassor, C. (1998) Similarity between seed bank and vegetation in Mediterranean grassland: A predictive model. Journal of Vegetation Science, 9, 815-821 Skoglund, J. (1992) The role of seed banks in vegetation dynamics and restoration of dry tropical ecosystems. Vegetation Science, 3, 357-360 Snyman, H. A. (2004) Soil seed bank evaluation and seedling establishment along a degradation gradient in a semi-arid rangeland. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 21, 37-47 Snyman, H. A. (2006) Short-term influence of fire in a semi-arid grassland on (5): seedling establishment. Grassroots: Newsletters, Grassland Society of South Africa, 6, 12-16 Solomon, T. B., Snyman, H. A., & Smit, G. N. (2006) ). Soil seed bank characteristics in relation to land use systems and distance from water in a semi-arid rangeland of southern Ethiopia South African Journal of Botany, 72, 263-271 Sternberg, M., Gutman, M., Perevolotsky, A., & Kigel, J. (2003) Effects of grazing on the soil seed bank dynamics: An approach with functional groups. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14, 375-386 Thompson, K. (1992) The functional ecology of seed banks, in: Fenner, M. (ed.). 1992. Seeds: The ecology of regeneration in plant communities, CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, , 231-258 Thompson, K., Bekker, R. M., & Bakker, J. P. (1997) ). Soil seed banks of northwest Europe: Methodology, density and Longevity, Cambridge University Press. Vetter, S., Goqwana, W. N., Bond, W. J., & Trollope, W. S. W. (2006) ). Effects of land tenure, geology and topography on vegetation and soils of two grassland types in South Africa. Africian Journal of Range Forage Science, 23, 13-27 Waser, N. M., & Price, M. V. (1981) Effects of grazing on diversity of annual plants in the Sonoran desert, Arizona, USA Oecologia, 50, 407-411 Wellstein, C., Otte, A., & Waldhardt, R. (2007) Seed bank diversity in mesic grasslands in relation to vegetation type management and site conditions. Journal of Vegetation Science, 18, 153-162