[1]. Akbarinia, A. (2003). Study of yield and oil components of Carum copticum in conventional, organic and combination farming systems. Agriculture Ph.D. thesis, Agriculture faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University. (in Farsi).
[2]. Anant K., J., Sanket, K.J., & Tarun, P. (2005). Seed album of some medicinal plants of India. Asian Medicinal Plants & Health Care Trust, 107 PP.
[3].Archangi, A., & Khodambashi, M. (2014). Effects of salinity stress on morphological characteristics,essential oil content and ion accumulation in basil(Ocimum basilicum) plant under hydroponic conditions. Jounal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 5(17): 125-138, (in Farsi).
[4]. Arooii, H. (1998). The effect of seed preparation, salinity stress and N fertilizer on some quantitative and qualitative traits of Pumpkin. Horticultural Ph. D. thesis, Agriculture department, Tarbiat Moddares University. (in Farsi).
[5]. Ashraf, M. & Orooj, A. (2006). Salt stress effects on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil concentration in an arid zone traditional medicinal plant ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi [L.] Sprague). Journal of Arid Environments, 64(2), 209-220.
[6]. Ashraf, M., & Akhtar, N. (2004). Influence of salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil content in sweet Fennel. Bologia Plantarum, 48(3), 461-464.
[7]. Ashraf, M., Mukhtar, N., Rehman, S. & Rha, E.S. (2004). Salt-induced changes in photosynthetic activity and growth in a potential medicinal plant Bishop’s weed (Ammi majus L.). Photosynthetica, 42(4), 543-550.
[8]. Davazdahemami, S., & Marjoovi, A. (2001). The effect of salinity stress on seed germination of 10 species of medicinal plants. Project of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 145.81, (in Farsi).
[9]. Davazdahemami, S., Sefidkon, F., Jahansooz, M.R., & Mazaheri, D. (2010). Evaluation of water salinity effects on yield and essential oil content and composition of Carum copticum L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(4), 504-512, (in Farsi).
[10]. Davazdahemami, S., Rezaii, M., safaii, L., & Shiran, S. (2015). Evaluation of microelements effects on seed yield and yield components of black seed in salinity stress. National Salinity Research Center of Yazd project, 48168, (in Farsi).
[11]. Ehsanipoor, A. (2009). Effect of different values of N fertilizers on yield, essential oil components and oil of Fennel populations. Agriculture M.Sc. Thesis, Agriculture faculty, Isfahan University of Technology, (in Farsi).
[12]. El-Keltawi, N.E., & Croteau, R. (1986). Influence of foliar applied cytokinins on growth and essential oil content of several members of lamiaceae. Phytochemistry, 26(4), 891-895.
[13]. Graifenberg, A., Botrini, L., Giustiniani, L., & Lipucci Di Paola, M. (1996). Salinity affects growth, yield and elemental concentration of fennel. Hortscience, 31(7), 1131–1134.
[14]. Hasani, A. (2003). The effect of drought and salinity stress (NaCl) on morphological and physiological traits of basil (Keshkeni luvelou). Horticultural Ph. D. thesis, Agriculture department, Tarbiat Moddares University, (in Farsi).
[15]. Ibrahim, K.M., Collins, J.C., & Collin, H.A. (1991). Effects of salinity on growth and ionic composition of Coleus blumei and Salvia splendens. Journal ofHorticultural Science, 66(2), 215-222.
[16]. Khan, M.A. (2002). Halophyte seed germination: Success and Pitfalls. In: International symposium on optimum resource utilization in salt affected ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions (Eds.): A.M. Hegazi, H.M. El-Shaer, S, 1-15.
[17]. Khorsandi, O., Hassani, H., Sefidkon, F., Shirzad, H., & Khorsandi, A. (2010). Effect of salinity (NaCl) on growth, yield, essential oil content and composition of Agastache foeniculum kuntz. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(3), 438-451, (in Farsi).
[18]. Kumar, P.A., & Bandhu, D.A. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60, 324- 349.
[19]. Levitt, Y. (1980). Responses of Plants to environmental stresses. Vol. II. Water, radiation, salt and other stresses. Academic press, New York, Pp. 807.
[20]. Montanari, M., Degl’Innocenti, E., Maggini, R., Pacifici, S., Pardossi, A. & Guidi, L. (2008). Effect of nitrate fertilization and saline stress on the contents of active constituents of Echinacea angustifolia DC. Food Chemistry, 107(4), 1461- 1466.
[21]. Morales, M.R., Charles, D.J., & Simon, J.E. (1993). Fennel: A new specialty vegetable forthe fresh market. P: 575 - 579. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (Eds). New Crops: Exploration, Research, Commercialization. Proc. New Crops, Oct. 6-9, 1991, Indianapolis, IN. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. Y.
[22]. Mozaffarian, V. (1993). Apiaceae family in Iran, identification keys and Distribution, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 388 pp., (in Farsi).
[23]. Najafi, F., Khavari-Nejad, R.A., & Ali, M.S. (2010). The effects of salt stress on certain physiological parameters in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) plants. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 6(1), 13-21.
[24]. Omer, E.A., Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H., & El-Gendy, A.G. (2014). Productivity and essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare cultivated under soil salinity in Sinai comparing to non-saline soil in Giza, Egypt. The Journal of Plant Physiology, 115, 217-227.
[25]. Safarnezhad, A., & Hamidi, H. (2008). Study of morphological characters of Foeniculum vulgar under salt stress. Jurnal of Rangeland and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 16(31), 125-140, (in Farsi).
[26]. Saffaei, L. (2005). Effects of saline water on germination of Esfahan Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds. National congress in sustainable development of medicinal plants. Mashhad. 307- 308, (in Farsi).
[27]. Saffaei, L., Zeinali, H., & safari, M. (2007). Study of Fennel variation. Finished project of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 1614.86, (in Farsi).
[28]. Said-Al Ahl H.A.H., Meawad A.A., Abou-Zeid E.N., & Ali, M.S. (2010). Response of different basil varieties to soil salinity. International Agrophysics, 24, 183-188.
[29]. Semiz, G., Ünlukara, A., Yurtseven, E., Suarez, D., & Telci, I. (2012). Salinity impact on yield, water use, mineral and essential oil content of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 18, 177-186.
[30]. Taarit M.B., Msaada, K., Hosni, K., & Marzouk, B. (2010). Changes in fatty acid and essential oil composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaves under NaCl stress. Food Chemistry, 119(3), 951-956.
[31]. Wagner, H. (1993). Maximizing seed yield and important components of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Wissens chaft Technoligie, 95(3), 114-117.
[32]. Wahab, M.A., (2006). The efficiency of using saline and fresh water irrigation as alternating methods of irrigation on the productivity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill subsp. vulgare var. vulgare under North Sinai conditions. Research journal of Agriculture and Biology Science, 2, 571-577.
[33]. Zhu, J.K. (2001). Plant salt tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 6(2), 66-71.
)