Effect of irrigation water salinity and Zinc application on growth and Cadmium concentration of Kohlrabi in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigation effect of irrigation with two types of CaCl2 and NaCl salinities and Zinc application on Cadmium concentration and growth of kohlrabi plant (Brassica olerace var. gongylodes) in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil. This experiment was completely random design (factorial) with three replicates. Treatments were three levels of Zn (0, 50 and 100 mg.kg-1) using Zinc sulfate salt, and three salinity levels (0, 2.5 and 5 dSm-1) by using two types of sodium chloride and calcium chloride salts in irrigation water. For polluted soil, 15 mg.kg-1 of Cadmium by Cadmium nitrate salt was added to all soils before treating soil with different treatments. Result showed that increasing water salinity led to raising Cadmium concentration in above ground of kohlrabi and decreasing kohlrabi growth. CaCl2 salinity compare to NaCl salinity showed less Zinc concentration at root Kohlrabi plant. Zinc treatment had any effect on plant growth properties.

Keywords

References

 References
 
[1].             Abdullahi, M. S., Uzairu, A. & Okunola, O. J., (2009). Quantitative determination of heavy metal concentration in onion leaves. International Journal of Environmental Research. 3(2), 271-274.
[2].             Allaway, W.H., Burau, R.G., Fulkerson, W., . Laitinen, H.A., Newberne, P.M., Pierce, J.O. & Wixson, B.G. (1974). Cadmium, Zinc, and lead. National Academy of sciences, Washington: D.C. V1:43-56
[3].             Beecher, C., (1994). Cancer preventive properties of varieties of Brassica oleracea: a review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59: 1166-1170.
[4].             Behtash, F., Tabatabaei, S.J., Malakouti, M.J., Sororaddin M.H., & Oustan, Sh., (2010). Effect of Zinc and Cadmium on Growth, Chlorophyll Content, Photosynthesis, and Cadmium Concentration in Red Beet. Iranian Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Science, 24, 1, (in Farsi).
[5].             Bremner, M. (1970). Nitrogen total, regular kjeldahl method. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part2: Chemical and MicrobiologicalProperties. 2nd ed. Wisconsin. USA: Madison publisher. 610-616.
[6].             Byers, T., Nestle, M., McTiernan, A., Doyle, C., Currie-Williams, A., Gansler, T. & Thun, M. (2002). The American Cancer Society 2002 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Reducing the Riskof Cancer with Healthy Food Choices and Physical Activity. CACancer Journal. Clinicans, 52: 92-119.
[7].             Drew, M.C., Hole, P.S. & Picchioni, G. A. (1990). Inhabitation by NaCl of net Co2 fixation and yield of cucumber. Journal. American. Society. Horticultural. Science. 115: 472-477.
[8].             Etehadnia, M., Schoenau, J., Waterer, D., Karen, T. (2010). The effect of CaCl2 and NaCl Salt Acclimation in stress Tolerance and its  potential role in ABA and Scion/Rootstock-Mediated salt Stress responses. Plant Stress. 4: 72-81
[9]. FAO. (1990). Management of gypsiferous soils. Food and Agriculture organization. Available at Web site http://www.worldcat.org/title/management-of-gypsiferous-soils/oclc/65862815. (verified 5 October 2011).
[10].         Gee, G.W., & Bauder J.W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Wisconsin, USA: Madison Publisher
[11].         Grattan, S.R., Grieve, C.M. 1999. Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. - Science. Horticultural. 78: 127-157.
[12].         Hart, J.J., Welch, R.M., Norvell, W.A. & Kochian, L.V. (2002). Transport interactions between Cadmium and Zinc in roots of bread and durum wheat seedlings. Physiology Plant, 116, 73e78.
[13].         Hassan, M. J., Zhu, Z., Ahmad, B., and Mahmood, Q. 2006. Influence of cadmium toxicity on rice genotypes as affected by zinc, sulfur and nitrogen fertilizers. Caspin Journal. Environmental Science. 4(1): 1-8.
[14].         Helal, H.M., Haque S.A., Ramadan A.B., & Schung, E. (1996). Salinity-Heavy Metal Interactions as Evaluated by Soil Extraction and Plant Analysis. Commun. Soil Science Plant Analysis. 27:1355–1361.
[15].         Homaee, M. (2002). Plants response to salinity. Iranian Society of Irrigation and Drainage. 58, 97, (in Farsi).
[16].         Honma, Y., Hirata, H. (1978). A noticeable increase in Cd absorption by Zn deficient rice plants. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 24, 295e297.
[17].         Jaleel, C. A., Gopi, R., Sankar, B., Manivannan, P., Kishorekumar, A., Sridharan, R. & Panneerselvam, R. (2007a). Studies on germination, seedling vigour, lipid peroxidation and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus seedlings under salt stress. South African Journal of Botany 73, 190-195.
[18].         Jaleel, C. A., Manivannan. P., Kishorekumar, A., Sankar, B. & Panneerselvam, R. (2007b). Calcium chloride effects on salinity induced oxidative stress, proline metabolism and indole alkaloid accumulation in Catharanthus roseus. Comptes Rendus Biologies 330.
[19].         Jalil, A. F., Selles, & Clark, J.M. (1994). Effect of Cd on growth  and uptake of Cd and other elements by durum wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition 17: 1839-1858.
[20].         Karimian, N. (1995). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on Zinc nutrition of corn in a calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 18: 2261-2271.
[21].         Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H., shariatmadari, H., Karimian, N., Kalbasi, M. 2004. Salinity and zinc application effects on phytoavailability of cadmium and zinc. Soil Sciences Society American Journal, 68:1885-1889.
[22].         Khosh goftarmanesh, A. H., Shariatmadari, H, Kalbasi, M. & Qma, L. (2003). Effect of NaCl salinity and Zn Application on species of Cd and in soil solution. Seventh International conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Uppsala, Sweden.
[23].         Köleli, N.,  Eker, S. & Cakmak, I. (2004). Effect of Zinc fertilization on Cadmium toxicity in durum and bread wheat grown in Zinc-deficient soil. Environmental Pollution 131: 453-459
[24].         Mc Lean, E.D. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. Wisconsin, USA: Madison Publisher
[25].         Norvell, W. A., Hopkins, J. Wu., D.G. & Welch, R. M. (2000). Assosiation of Cadmium in Durum Wheat Grain with Soil Chloride and Chelate-Extractable Soil Cadmium. Soil Science Society of America Journal, (64):2162-2168.
[26].         Oliver, D.P., Schultz, J.E., Tiller, K.G., Wilhelm, N.S., Merry, R.H.Cozens, G.D. (1994). The effects of Zinc fertilization on Cadmium concentration in wheat grain. Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, 705-711.
[27].         Olsen, S. R.; Sommers, L. E., (1990). Phosphorus. in: Page, A.L. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Parts 2, Agron., Monogr No. 9 Madison, WI. 403-431.
[28].         Parida, A.K., Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60: 324-349.
[29].         Richards, L.A. (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils, L.A. Richards (eds). Handbook of . U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington: p. 4-160.
[30].         Saleh, J. and Maftoun, M. (2008). Interactive Effects of NaCl Levels and Zinc Sources and Levels on the Growth and Mineral Composition of Rice. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 10: 325-336.
[31].         Smith, S. R. (1994). Effect of soil pH on availability to crops of metals in sewage sludge-treated soil. 1. Nickel, Cu and Zn uptake and toxicity to ryegrass. Environmental Pollution Journal, 85:321-327.
[32].         Terry, N. & Banuelos, G.(2000). Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water. Boca Raton: Lwis Publication, c2000.
[33].         Torresday, J. L., Videa, J. R. P., Rosa, G. D. & Parsons, J., 2005. Pytoremediation of heavy metals and study of the metal coordination by X-ray absorbtion spectroscopy. Coordination chemistry Review, 249, 1797- 1810.
[34].         Trajkova, F., & Papadatonakis, N. (2006). Comparative effects of NaCl and CaCl2 salinity on cucumber grown in a closed hydroponic system. HortScience, 41(2); 437-441.
[35].         Walkley, A. &  Black, I.A. (1934). An examination of the Degtareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science. (37): 29.
[36].         Weggler-Beaton, K., Mclaughlin, M.J. &. Graham, R. D.(2000). Salinity increases Cadmium uptake by wheat and Swiss Chard from soil amended with biosolide. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 38: 37-45.
[37].         Welch, R.M., Hart, J.J., Norvell, W., Sullivan, L.A., Kochian, L.V. (1999). Effects of nutrient solution Zinc activity on net uptake, translocation, and root export of Cadmium and Zinc by separated sections of intact durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L-var durum) seedling roots. Plant Soil, 208, 243-250.
[38]. Wu, F.B., Zhang, G.P. (2002). Alleviation of Cadmium-toxicity by application of Zinc and ascorbic acid in barley. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25, 2745-2761.
Journal of Arid Biome
Volume 5, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
February 2016
Pages 75-85

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics