Comparison of SPI, PNPI, RAI and SIAP Indices in Analyzing Meteorological Drought Conditions in the Zohreh-Jarrahi Watershed

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran

2 Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.

3 Faculty of Natural Resources and Geoscience, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.

10.29252/aridbiom.2025.22482.2036

Abstract

Drought is a common meteorological phenomenon and a pervasive global hazard. As our climate changes, drought events will likely become more severe and frequent. Effective drought monitoring is therefore critical. In this study, the meteorological drought phenomenon was investigated and monitored using standardized precipitation indices (SPI), Percentage of Normal Precipitation Index (PNPI), Standard Annual Precipitation Index (SIAP), and Precipitation Anomaly Index (RAI). For this purpose, the rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in the basin were used in the statistical period of 25 years. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used to investigate the meteorological drought trend based on the SPI index. Finally, the spatial distribution of the most severe meteorological drought values at the basin level was prepared using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) geostatistical method in the ArcGIS environment. The results of the SPI index indicate that the Charam station, with the lowest SPI of -3.94, had the most severe meteorological drought during the study period, which was related to November 2008. The frequency of drought occurrence based on this index indicated that it occurred in all drought classes. The drought trend based on the SPI index indicated an intensification of drought in the region, and this trend was significant at the Sarfaryab, Emamzadeh Pahlevan, Tange Pirzal, and Kooshke Zarghamabad stations at a 95% confidence level. The PNPI index showed that the frequency of the very severe drought class was higher in the region, and the highest rate was related to the Feshiyan station, equal to 58.33%. Based on the RAI index, the Sarfaryab, and Emamzadeh Pahlevan stations, with a frequency of 46.47 percent, had the highest frequency of meteorological drought occurrence with the very severe class in the basin. The results of the Normal Annual Precipitation Index (SIAP) indicate the occurrence of drought in the water year 2007-2008 in most of the basin stations. Also, the longest drought period in the region based on all three indicators was 1 year for all stations. Based on the results, meteorological drought occurred in the region, and to prevent its effects in the future, water resources management is necessary.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Arid Biome
Volume 14, Issue 2
October 2024
Pages 145-159

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