Spatiotemporal changes of Govater and Nayband mangroves and estimating the intensity of fishing activities on these habitats in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master Graduate, Department of Nano and Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

2 Assistant professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

3 Associate professor, Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

10.29252/aridbiom.2024.20817.1970

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems have abundant ecosystem services and play a significant role in the coastal ecosystems sustainability. Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate the temporal and spatial trends of mangroves habitat changes in the Nayband marine national park and the Bahu-kalat protected area, as well as determining the intensity of fishing activities as human threats to these mangroves. To examine the temporal and spatial trends of these mangroves, four plant indices, namely NDVI, SAVI, LAI, and RVI, were estimated and to determine the intensity of fishing activities, a map of mangrove habitat extent was drawn, consisting of 189 and 391 grid cells with dimensions of 4x4 kilometers, covering the coastal waters of the Nayband and Govater mangroves. Additionally, data on the geographical location and the number of vessels in the fishing ports of Bushehr and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces were collected. The findings of this investigation demonstrate an expansion in the area of all the studied mangroves from 1990 to 2019. On average, an increase in the Bidekhoon habitat from 32.96 hectares to 123.93 hectares was observed in Nayband Gulf, while in Gwadar Gulf, the area expanded from 275.76 hectares to 396.72 hectares. The reduction of mangroves in this region between 2000 and 2010 can be attributed to various factors, including local community harvesting of mangrove shoots, pollution from oil and gas industries, tourism, and the influx of non-degradable waste due to the proximity of these habitats to residential areas. Similarly, in Gwadar Gulf, the primary factor contributing to changes in hydrology and the subsequent decline of these forests since 2015 has been aquaculture. The most significant factors influencing the growth and establishment of the studied mangrove habitats are increasing temperatures and rising sea levels. Furthermore, the results showed that based on the current status of the studied mangrove habitats, the geographical distribution of fishing ports and the number of fishing vessels present in them, the Govater mangroves are subjected to higher fishing activity intensity compared to the Nayband mangroves.

Keywords

References

[1]. Ahmed, E. A., & Abdel-Hamid, K. A. (2007). Zonation pattern of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata along the Red Sea Coast, Egypt. World Applied Sciences Journal, 2(4), 283-288.
[2]. Alongi, D. (2009). The energetics of mangrove forests. Springer Science & Business Media.
[3]. Alongi, D., Pfitzner, J., Trott, L.A., Tirendi, F., Dixon, P., Klumpp, D.W. (2005). Rapid sediment accumulation and microbial mineralization in forests of the mangrove Kandelia candel in the Jiulongjiang Estuary, China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 63(4), 605-618. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.01.004.
[4]. Barbier, E. B., Hacker, S. D., Kennedy, C., Koch, E. W., Stier, A. C., & Silliman, B. R. (2011). The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. Ecological monographs, 81(2), 169-193. doi: 10.1890/10-1510.1
[5]. Binh, T. N. K. D., Vromant, N., Hung, N. T., Hens, L., & Boon, E. K. (2005). Land cover changes between 1968 and 2003 in Cai Nuoc, Ca Mau peninsula, Vietnam. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 7(4), 519-536. doi: 10.1007/s10668-004-6001-z
[6]. Boegh, E., Soegaard, H., Broge, N., Hasager, C. B., Jensen, N. O., Schelde, K., & Thomsen, A. (2002). Airborne multispectral data for quantifying leaf area index, nitrogen concentration, and photosynthetic efficiency in agriculture. Remote sensing of Environment, 81(2-3), 179-193. doi: 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00342-X
[7]. Cahoon, D. R., & Hensel, P. F. (2006). High-resolution global assessment of mangrove responses to sea-level rise: a review. In E. Gilman (Ed.), Catchments to Coast. The Society of Wetland Scientists 27th International Conference (pp. 9–17). Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council.
[8]. Chung, C. T., Hope, P., Hutley, L. B., Brown, J., & Duke, N. C. (2023). Future climate change will increase risk to mangrove health in Northern Australia. Communications Earth & Environment, 4(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-00852-z  
[9]. Danehkar, A. (2002). Mangroves forests zonation in Gaz and Harra international wetlands, The Environment Scientific Quarterly Journal, 34, 43-49. [in Farsi]
[10]. Danekar, A., Erfani, M., Nouri, G., Aqiqi, H., Marvi Mohajer, M., & Ardakani, T. (2012). Detection of mangrove vegetation area changes at Govater Creek in Sistan & Baluchestan province. Iranian Journal of Forest, 4(3), 197-207. [in Farsi]
[11]. De Boer, W. (2002). The rise and fall of the mangrove forests in Maputo Bay, Mozambique. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 10(4), 313-322. doi: 10.1023/A:1020389420591
[12]. Duarte, C. M., Losada, I. J., Hendriks, I. E., Mazarrasa, I., & Marbà, N. (2013). The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nature Climate Change, 3(11), 961-968. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1970
[13]. Ellison, J. C. (2009). Wetlands of the Pacific Island region. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 17(3), 169-206. doi: 10.1007/s11273-008-9097-3
[14]. Ellison, J. (2001). Possible impacts of predicted sea-level rise on South Pacific mangroves. In: Noye, B. & Grzechnik, M. (Eds.), Sea-level changes and their effects. World Scientific Publishing Company.
[15]. Ellison, J. C. (2015). Vulnerability assessment of mangroves to climate change and sea-level rise impacts. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 23(2), 115-137. doi: 10.1007/s11273-014-9397-8
[16]. Erfani, M. (2007). Investigating the structure and comparing the changes in the extent of mangrove habitat in the Goatar and Hor Bahu international wetlands in Sistan and Baluchistan province in order to select a protection zone. [Master dissertation, University of Tehran]. Central library of Tehran University. [in Farsi]
[17]. Eslami-Andargoli, L., Dale, P., Sipe, N., & Chaseling, J. (2009). Mangrove expansion and rainfall patterns in Moreton Bay, Southeast Queensland, Australia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 85(2), 292-298. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.08.011
[18]. Etemadi, H., Samadi, S. Z., Sharifikia, M., & Smoak, J. M. (2016). Assessment of climate change downscaling and non-stationarity on the spatial pattern of a mangrove ecosystem in an arid coastal region of southern Iran. Theorical and Applied Climatology, 126(1-2), 35-49. doi: 10.1007/s00704-015-1552-5
[19]. Etemadi, H., Smoak, J. M., & Abbasi, E. (2021). Spatiotemporal pattern of degradation in arid mangrove
forests of the Northern Persian Gulf. Oceanologia, 63(1), 99-114. doi: 10.1016/j.oceano.2020.10.003
[20]. Etemadi, H., Smoak, J. M., & Karami, J. (2018). Land use change assessment in coastal mangrove forests of Iran utilizing satellite imagery and CA-Markov algorithms to monitor and predict future change.  Environmental Earth Science, 77(5), 208. doi: 10.1007/s12665-018-7392-8.
[21]. Farshad, A., & Farzaneh, A. (2017). Remote sensing and geographic information system and their application in natural resources, agriculture and environment (use of analog/digital aerial photos, satellite-ultraspectral images, satellite positioning, radar, lidar and drone). (Secund edition), Education and promotion of agriculture. [in Farsi]
[22]. Ghasemi, S., Zakaria, M., Abdul-Hamid, H., Yusof, E., Danehkar, A., & Rajpar, M. N. (2010). A review of mangrove value and conservation strategy by local communities in Hormozgan province, Iran. Journal of American Science, 6(10), 329-338.
[23]. Hajarian, M. (2005). Quantitative survey of mangrove forests in Qeshm region using aerial photos and satellite images in a period of 40 years. [Master dissertation, University of Tehran]. Central library of Tehran University. [in Farsi]
[24]. Hauff, R. D., Ewel, K. C., & Jack, J., (2006). Tracking human disturbance in mangroves: estimating harvest rates on a Micronesian Island. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 14(2), 95-105. dx.doi: 10.1007/s11273-005-2567-y
[25]. Hoque Mozumder, M. M., Shamsuzzaman, M. M., Rashed-Un-Nabi, M., Karim, E. (2018). Social-ecological dynamics of the small scale fisheries in Sundarban Mangrove Forest, Bangladesh. Aquacalture and. Fisheries. 3, 38-49. doi: 10.1016/j.aaf.2017.12.002
[26]. Hosking, E. J., Bach, C. S., Applegate, R. J., Karfs, R. A., & Wallace, J. F. (2001). Mangrove monitoring using sequences of Landsat imagery in the Mary River wetlands. IGARSS 2001; 2001 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, USA.
[27]. Jafarnia, S., Oladi, J., Hoojati, S.M., & Mir Akhor loo, K. (2016). Investigating the status and revealing the changes in the mangrove forests of Qeshm Island using satellite images between 1988 and 2008. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch), 18(1), 177-191. [in Farsi]
[28]. Khodabakhshi Karlai, A. (2018). Evaluating temporal and spatial changes of Iran's mangroves and estimating the terrestrial density of Naiband mangroves using Landsat images, [Master dissertation, University of Persian Gulf]. Central library of Persian Gulf University. [in Farsi]
[29]. Liu, H., Ren, H., Hui, D., Wang, W., Liao, B., & Cao, Q. (2014). Carbon stocks and potential carbon storage in the mangrove forests of China. Journal of Environmental Management, 133, 86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.037
[30]. López-Hoffman, L., Monroe, I., Narváez, E., Martínez-Ramos, M., & Ackerly, D. (2006). Sustainability of mangrove harvesting: how do harvesters’ perceptions differ from ecological analysis?. Ecology and Society, 11(2), 14.
[31]. Lucas, R. M., Ellison, J. C., Mitchell, A., Donnelly, B., Finlayson, M., & Milne, A. K. (2002). Use of stereo aerial photography for quantifying changes in the extent and height of mangroves in tropical Australia. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 10(2), 159-173. doi: 10.1023/A:1016547214434
[32]. Mafi-Gholami, D., & Nouri Kamari, A. (2018). An investigation of the relationship between hydrological drought occurrence and areas changes of mangroves of Hormozgan province. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 17(2), 82-95. doi: 10.22113/jmst.2018.114535.2105 [in Farsi]
[33]. Mafi-Gholami, D., & Jaafari, A. (2023). Investigating the exposure of mangrove forests of the southern coast of Iran to multiple hazards. Journal of Natural Environment, 75(Special Issue Coastal and Marine Environment), 121-137. doi: 10.22059/jne.2023.352134.2502 [in Farsi]
[34]. Mafi-Gholami, D., & Jaafari, A. (2019). Mapping intensity of fishing activities in mangrove habitats: prerequisite for vulnerability assessment process. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 18(2), 26-39. doi: 10.22113/jmst.2019.133473.2165 [in Farsi]
[35]. Mafi-Gholami, D., Mahmoudi, B., & Zenner, E. K. (2017). An analysis of the relationship between drought events and mangrove changes along the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 199, 141-151. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.10.008
 [36]. Moaddab, A. R., Khabazi, M., Roosta, H. (2017). Determining the rate of salinity of Persian Gulf waters with the aid of satellite images and least squares method. Open Journal os Marin Science, 7(1), 155-168. doi: 10.4236/ojms.2017.71012
[37]. Moradi, H., Razavi, Z., Heydari Khosro, A., & Mahboobi Soofiani, N. (2014). Effects of Sediment Characteristics on the Accumulation and Transfer Rate of Heavy Metals in Mangrove Trees (Case Study: Nayband Bay and Qeshm Island). Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, 3(8), 79-90. [in Farsi]
[38]. Rashidi J., Bonyad, A., & Rohanian, M. (2004). Determination of Avicennia Forests Area with the Use of Landset 7 Satellite Data and Study of Plant Indices in Line with Optimal Management and Prevention from Environmental Crises of South Pars Gas Complex. National Conference on Iranian Environment and Approaches for its Improvement, Rasht, Iran.
[39]. Rashidi J., Mohammadi, A., Sarab A. & Babaei, S. (2005). Separation of Avicennia Forests from Salty Coastal Lands of Boshehr Province, East, with the Use of ETM+ Satellite Data (in Assaluyeh and Naiband). National Conference on the Future of Iranian Forests, Rasht, Iran.
[40]. Rasolofoharinoro, M., Blasco, F., Bellan, M. F., Aizpuru, M., Gauquelin, T., & Denis, J. (1998). A remote sensing-based methodology for mangrove studies in Madagascar. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19(10), 1873-1886. doi: 10.1080/014311698215036
[41]. Rowlands, G., Purkis, S., Riegl, B., Metsamaa, L., Bruckner, A. & Renaud, P. (2012). Satellite imaging coral reef resilience at regional scale. A case-study from Saudi Arabia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(6), 1222-1237. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.03.003
[42]. Rowlands, G., Purkis, S., & Bruckner, A. (2014). Diversity in the geomorphology of shallow-water carbonate depositional systems in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Geomorphology, 222, 3-13. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.03.014
[43]. Ruan, L., Yan, M., Zhang, L., Fan, X., & Yang, H. (2022). Spatial-temporal NDVI pattern of global mangroves: A growing trend during 2000–2018. Science of the Total Environment, 844, 157075. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157075
[44]. Sadeghi, A. (2005). Investigating the process of changes in the level and density of mangrove forests in the Sea of Oman area using aerial photographs (Jask and Sirik regions). [Master dissertation, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Unit]. Central library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit. [in Farsi]
[45]. Safa Isani, H. (2006). Environmental management of Tiab and Kolahi mangrove forests based on habitat structure and changes. [Master dissertation, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Unit, Ahvaz]. Central library of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Unit, Ahvaz. [in Farsi]
[46]. Safiari, S. (2002). Mangrove Forests in Iran, Tehran. (First edition), Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland. [in Farsi]
[47]. Safiari, S. (2018). Development of mangrove forests in Iran. Iran Nature, 2(6), 24-33. doi: 10.22092/irn.2018.115186 [in Farsi]
[48]. Sarathchandra, C., Kambach, S., Ariyarathna, S. C., Xu, J., Harrison, R. D., Wickramasinghe, S. (2018). Significance of mangrove biodiversity conservation in fishery production and living conditions of coastal communities in Sri Lanka. Diversity, 10(2), 20.  doi: 10.3390/d1002002020
[49]. Souza Filho, P. W. M., Martins, E. D. S. F., & da Costa, F. R. (2006). Using mangroves as a geological indicator of coastal changes in the Bragança macrotidal flat, Brazilian Amazon: a remote sensing data approach. Ocean & coastal management, 49(7-8), 462-475. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.04.005
[50]. Tucker, C. J. (1979). Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote sensing of Environment, 8(2), 127-150. doi: 10.1016/0034-4257(79)90013-0
[51]. Woodroffe, C. D. (1995). Response of tide-dominated mangrove shorelines in Northern Australia to anticipated sea level rise. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 20, 65-85. doi: 10.1002/esp.3290200107
[52]. Yang, W., Shabanov, N. V., Huang, D., Wang, W., Dickinson, R. E., Nemani, R. R., Knyazikhin, Y. & Myneni, R. B. (2006). Analysis of leaf area index products from combination of MODIS Terra and Aqua data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 104(3), 297-312. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.016
[53] Yu, S. H., Ke, L., Wong, Y. S., and Tam, N. F. Y. (2005). Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments. Environment International, 31(2), 149-154. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.008
[54]. Zaeimdar, M. (2000). Investigation of mangrove ecosystems and their position in Iran. Forest and pasture magazine. 50, 70-66. [in Farsi]
Journal of Arid Biome
Volume 13, Issue 2
October 2023
Pages 71-93

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics