تأثیر سیستم کشت بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه علف ‌لیمو (Cymbopogon citratus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی رشته بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

3 استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

10.29252/aridbiom.2023.20304.1938

چکیده

محدودیت اراضی مستعد کشت گیاهان دارویی در مناطق خشک منجر به بهره‌برداری بیش از حد از گیاهان مراتع برای مصارف دارویی شده که پیامدهای مخرب زیست‌محیطی زیادی بدنبال داشته است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف امکان استفاده از سیستم­‌های هیدروپونیک و آکواپونیک به عنوان روش‌های جایگزین برای کشت گیاه علف لیمو (Cymbopogon citratus) اجرا گردید. بدین منظور، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تکرار در دانشگاه یزد اجرا گردید و اثر سه محیط کشت هیدروپونیک، آکواپونیک و خاک بر خصوصیات مختلف گیاه علف لیمو بررسی گردید. نتایج بدست آمده بیان­گر تأثیر معنی­‌دار محیط کشت بر برخی از خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی گیاه علف لیمو از قبیل طول ریشه، قطر غلاف، ارتفاع و زیست‌توده خشک کل گیاه بود، به طوری که سیستم هیدروپونیک صفات مذکور را نسبت به کاشت خاکی به ترتیب به میزان 133، 3/33، 9/40 و 5/56 درصد افزایش داد. سیستم کاشت آکواپونیک پس از هیدروپونیک قرار گرفت و صفات مورد بررسی را در مقایسه با کشت در بستر خاک بطور معنی‌­داری افزایش داد. نوع بستر کشت بر غلظت عناصر ماکرو و میکرو اندام هوایی گیاه (بجز پتاسیم) نیز تأثیر معنی‌­داری داشت. بیشترین مقدار ازت در سیستم هیدروپونیک، بیشترین مقدار فسفر و منیزیم در سیستم آکواپونیک و بیشترین مقدار کلسیم، سدیم، آهن و روی در سیستم کشت در خاک مشاهده شد. همچنین میزان کلروفیل، پروتئین، چربی، فیبر و خاکستر گیاه نیز تحت تأثیر محیط کشت قرار گرفت در حالی که تیمارهای مورد بررسی اثر معنی‌­داری بر غلظت پرولین و هیدرات‌­های کربن گیاه نداشتند. به طور­کلی، نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر تفاوت سه بستر مورد بررسی بر صفات مرفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی علف­ لیمو به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی در مناطق خشک بوده و امکان استفاده از محیط‌های کشت هیدروپونیک و آکواپونیک به عنوان جایگزینی مناسب برای کشت این گیاه در این مناطق را نشان داد. با این حال، ضروری است که جنبه‌های اقتصادی تولید گیاه علف ­لیمو در سیستم­‌ها­ی مذکور و همچنین اثر بستر کاشت بر ترکیبات ثانویه این گیاه در تحقیقات آینده مورد بررسی قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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