ارزیابی اثرات تغییر کاربری بر شاخص‌های کیفی خاک در جنگل‌های شهرستان چرداول استان ایلام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

10.29252/aridbiom.2024.21807.2019

چکیده

تغییر کاربری اراضی علاوه بر تأثیر فراوانی که بر ویژگی­های خاک دارد می­تواند منجر به از بین رفتن بسیاری از کاربردها و عملکردهای خاک شود. بنابراین بررسی در این باره اهمیت زیادی دارد. در این پژوهش ابتدا ضمن بازدید میدانی و شناسایی دقیق منطقه، چهار کاربری جنگل طبیعی، مرتع، زمین کشاورزی و باغ زیتون که از نظر فیزیوگرافی دارای شرایط تقریبا مشابهی بودند، انتخاب شدند. در هر یک از کاربری­ها 10 نمونه خاک از عمق 0 تا 15 سانتی­متری جمع­آوری شد. بافت خاک، وزن مخصوص ظاهری، واکنش خاک، هدایت الکتریکی، ذخیره کربن آلی خاک، نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، فراوانی و بیوماس کرم­های خاکی اندازه­گیری شدند. همچنین مقدار ترسیب کربن درختان در دو کاربری جنگل طبیعی و باغ زیتون محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بافت خاک در هر چهار کاربری مورد بررسی شنی-لومی بود. از نظر وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک در سه کاربری کشاورزی (92/1 گرم بر سانتی­مترمکعب)، باغ زیتون (76/1 گرم بر سانتی­مترمکعب) و جنگل طبیعی (63/1 گرم بر سانتی­مترمکعب) اختلاف معنی­داری مشاهده نشد. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار واکنش خاک به­ترتیب در کاربری­های کشاورزی (77/7) و مرتع (15/7) مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار ذخیره کربن خاک در سه کاربری جنگل طبیعی (79/4 تن در هکتار)، کشاورزی (75/4 تن در هکتار) و باغ زیتون (88/3 تن در هکتار) و کمترین آن در مرتع (90/1 تن در هکتار) مشاهده شد. مقادیر نیتروژن و پتاسیم خاک نیز در دو کاربری کشاورزی و باغی بیشتر از کاربری­های جنگل طبیعی و مرتع بود. کمترین مقدار فسفر خاک نیز در کاربری کشاورزی مشاهده شد. مقدار ترسیب کربن درختان در جنگل طبیعی بیشتر از باغ زیتون بود. از نظر شاخص­های زیستی دو کاربری جنگل طبیعی و باغ زیتون وضعیت بهتری داشتند. در کل نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تغییر کاربری اراضی طبیعی به کشاورزی و باغی باعث ایجاد تغییراتی در ویژگی­های فیزیکی (وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک)، شیمیایی (ماده آلی، واکنش خاک، عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم) و زیستی (فراوانی و زیست‌توده کرم­های خاکی) خاک شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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