Investigation of Emission Sources of Suspended Elements air in City of Kermanshah

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master of Science of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran

2 Professor, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran

Abstract

An atmospheric aerosol plays an important role in modification and change of climate, hydrological cycles, chemistry of the atmosphere, biogeochemical cycles and public health. The purpose of this research is investigation of emission sources of Suspended elements in Kermanshah. The concentrations of twenty elements consisting of K, Na, Ca, P, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Se, Zn, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Co, As, Mo, V, Al, Mn were analyzed by ICPfor 55 soil samples and 41 aerosols samples. Source of aerosols have been identified using factor analysis, the backward air mass trajectory analysis, enrichment factor and the Al/Zn ratio.Ca and Pb have maximum concentration (84600pbb) and minimum concentration (8.95) in aerosols samples, respectively and also, Ca and Mo have maximum concentration (2074800pbb) and minimum concentration (3.8) in soil samples, respectively. The results showed that EF- values of elements of B, Zn and Mo are very high in the range of 31 to 507 and elements of copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, vanadium and chromium are in the range of 1 to 10 and the elements such as iron, potassium, calcium, selenium, arsenic, cobalt, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium have low EF- values less than 0.25.Factor analysis classified elements in six factors based on sources of their emission. The first factor consisted of Na, Al, Ca, K, the second factor was Cd, Mo, Cr, the third factor was Cu, Pb, Co, the fourth factor consisted of Fe, Mn, the fifth factor was P, the sixth factor was V. According to results of factor analysis, enrichment factor, the crustal elements of K, Na, Ca, P, Fe, Mg, Mnare the main contributor to the elements in air in aerosols in the Kermanshah. Vehicle-related emissions and industry rein grade of second.

Keywords

References

[1]. Addo‚ M.A., Darko‚ E.O., Gordon‚ C., Nyarko‚ B.J.B., Gbadago, J.K. (2012). Heavy Metal Concentrations in Road Deposited Dust at Ketu-South District, Ghana. International of Journal of Science and Technology, 2(1), 28-29.
[2]. Ataei, H., Ahmadi, F. (2010). Dust one of the environmental problems in Islamic world (Case study: Khozestan Province). In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Islamic World Geographers, Iran, Zahedan, 14-16, (in Farsi).
[3]. Cao J., Shen Zh., Chow, C.j., Qi, g., & Watson, G.j. (2009). Seasonal variations and sources of mass and chemical composition for PM10 aerosol in Hangzhou, China. Particuolog, 7, 161-168.
[4]. Cesari, D., De Benedetto, G.E., Bonasoni, P., Busetto, M., Dinoi, A., Merico, E., Chirizzi, D., Cristofanelli, P., Donateo, A., Grasso, F.M., Marinoni, A., Pennetta, A., Contini, D. (2018). Seasonal variability of PM2.5 and PM10 composition and sources in an urban background site in Southern Italy. Journal of Science of the Total Environment, 612, 202-213.
[5]. Dabiri, M. (1996). Environmental pollution (air - water - soil - noise). Iran: Publications of Etehad, (in Farsi).
[6]. Engberg C.C. (1995). The regulation and manufacture of brake pads: the feasibility of reformulation to reduce the copper load to the San Francisco Bay http://www.p2pays.org. /ref /02/01393.pdf.
[7]. Erfanmanesh, M., Afyuni, M. (2002). Environmental pollutions (water, soil and air). Esfehan: Publications of Arkan Press, (in Farsi).
[8]. Ghassemi, M. (2009). Investigation of dust in Kermanshah Province. Journal of Meteorology of Kermanshah, 13, 4-6, (in Farsi).
[9]. Ghyiasoldin, M. (2004). Public Health. Tehran: Publications of Tehran University. (in Farsi).
[10]. Goudarzi, G., Daryanoosh, S.M., Godini, H., Hopke, P.K., Sicard, P., De Marco, A., Rad, H.D., Harbizadeh, A., Jahedi, F., Mohammadi, M.J., Savari, J., Sadeghi, S., Kaabi, Z., Omidi Khaniabadi, Y. (2017).  Health risk assessment of exposure to the Middle-Eastern Dust storms in the Iranian megacity of Kermanshah. Journal of Public Health, 148, 109-116.
[11]. Haideri, M.T. (2009). Uninvited guests and harmful phenomena. Journal of Meteorology of Kermanshah, 7, 4-13, (in Farsi).
[12]. Hamzeh, M.A., Mirzaei, M., Mozafari, H. (2009). Investigation of concentration varaitions of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in urban environment of Kerman. Journal of Science and Environmental Technology, 11(3), 161-177, (in Farsi).
[13]. Han, Y.M., Cao, J.J., Jin, Z.D., & ZS, AN. (2008). Elemental composition of aerosols in Daihai, a rural area in the front Boundary of the Summer Asian Monsoon. AtmosphericResearch, 92, 229-235.
[14]. Jamshidi, A., Karimzadeh, K., Raiganshirazi, A. (2006). Investigation of suspended particles pollution in Gachsaran air. Journal of Armaghan of Danesh, 12(2), 89-97, (in Farsi).
[15]. Khoshakhlagh, F., Najafi, M.S., Zamanzadeh, M., Shirazei, M.S. (2013). Study of dust compositions of in west and southwest of Iran. Journal of Geography and Invironmental Hazards, 6, 17-36, (in Farsi).
[16]. Kocak M., Mihalopoulos N., Kubilay. (2009). Origin and source regions of PM10 in the Eatern Mediterranean atmosphere. Journal of Atmospheric Research, 92 (2009), 464-474.
[17]. Lili, M., Naddafi, K., Yonsyan, M., Mesdaghinia, A., Nazmara, Sh. (2009). Concentration of aerosols and air quality index (AQI) in the central area of Tehran. Journal of Health Faculty and Institute of Healthy Researeches, 7(1), 57-67, (in Farsi).
[18]. Liu, W., Wang, Y., Russell, A., Edgerton, E.S. (2005). Atmospheric aerosol over two urban–rural pairs in the southeastern United States: Chemical composition and possible sources. Journal of Atmospheric Environment, 39 (2005), 4453–4470.
[19]. Miller, J.T. (2013). Living in the environment. Makhdom Pharkhoneh, M, Iran: university of Tehran, (in Farsi).
[20]. Na, K., Cocker, D.R. (2009). Characterization and source identification of trace elements in PM2.5 from Mira Loma, Southern California. Journal of Atmospheric Research, doi: 10.1016/j. atmosres. 2009.03.012.
[21]. Naddafi, K., Ahrampush, M.H., Jafari, V., Yonesyan, M. (2008). Investigation of total suspended particles and its ingredients in the central area of Yazd. University of Medical Sciences – Health Services of Sadoughi,s martyr of Yazd, 16(4), 25-21, (in Farsi).
[22]. Nazari, Z., Khorasani, Ne., Feiznia, S., Karami, M. (2017). Source identification of aerosols in atmosphere using geochemical properties of tracer elements (case study area: City of Kermanshah). Journal of Sciences of Water and Soil, 4, 1-20, (in Farsi).
[23]. Nazari, Z., Khorasani, Ne., Feiznia, S., Karami, M. (2017). Source Identification of elements in PM10 Aerosols (Case Study Area: City of Kermanshah). Journal of Geographical researches, 4, 1-17, (in Farsi).
[24]. Norbeck J.M.; Durbin, T.D.; Truex, T.J. (1998). Measurement of primary particulate mattermiss from light-duty motor vehicles. Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, CA. Final Report, CRC Project No, E-24-2.
[25]. Omar Ramírez, A.M. Sánchez de la Campa, Fulvio Amato, Ruth A. Catacolí, Néstor Y. Rojas, Jesús de la Rosa. (2018). Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM10 at an urban background site in a high–altitude Latin American megacity (Bogota, Colombia). Journal of Environmental Pollution, 233, 142-155.
[26]. Pope, C.A., Dockery, D.W., Schwartz. J. (1995). Review of Epidemiological Evidence of Health Effects of Particulare Air Pollution. Journal of Inhalation Toxicology , 7, 1-18.
[27]. Stephanou, E.G. (2016). Aerosols PM10 and PM2.5. Journal of Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, from Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation, 1, 191-199.
[28]. Tsai, Y. I., Chen, Ch. (2006). Atmospheric aerosol composition and source apportionments to aerosol in southern Taiwan. Journal of Atmospheric Environment, 40 (2006), 4751–4763.
[29]. Viana, M., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Harrison, R.M., Hopke, P.K., Winiwarter, W., Vallius, M., Szidat, S., H.Prevot, A.S., Hueglin, C., Bloemen, H., Wahlin, P., Vecchi, R., Miranda, A.I., Kasper-Giebl, A., & Maenhaut, W., Hitzenberger, R.  (2008). Source apportionment of particulate matter in Europe: a review of methods and results. Journal of AerosolScience, 39, 827–849.
[30]. Wang, W.C., Chen, K.S., Wang, S.K., Lee, H.C., Tsai, M.Y. (2009). Modeling atmospheric PM10 concentrations during severe pollution events in southern Taivan. Atmospheric Research, 92,159-171.
[31]. Wardencki, W., Bielawska, M. (2016). Particulate Material Analysis in Air. Journal of Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, 73, 343-367.
[32]. Yatkin, S., Bayram, A. (2008). Source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance in Izmir, Turkey. Journal of SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 390 (2008): 109 – 123.
[33]. Yin, J., Allen, A.G., Harrison, R.M., Jennings, S.G., Wright, E., Fitzpatrick, M., Healy, T., Barry, E., Ceburnis, D., & McCusker, D. (2005). Major component composition of urban PM10 and PM2.5 in Ireland. Journal of Atmospheric Research, 78, 149–165.
[34].Yngjie, Y., Yuesi, W., Tianxue, W., Wei, L., Ya,nan, Z., & Liang, L. (2009). Elemental composition of PM2.5 and PM10 at Mount Gongga in China during 2006. Journal of AtmosphericResearch. doi:10.1016/j.at mosres.2009.03.014.
[35]. Zare Chahouki, M.A. (2010). Analysis of data in the researches of natural resources using the SPSS software. Iran: Publications of Daneshgahi Jehad of Tehran, (in Farsi).
[36]. Zolfaghari, H., Abedzadeh, H. (2005). Synoptic analysis of dust systems in the West. Geography and Development. Fall and winter, 174-188, (in Farsi).
Journal of Arid Biome
Volume 8, Issue 2
May 2019
Pages 65-76

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics