بررسی اثر مراحل فنولوژیک و ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر صفات مورفولوژیک، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس پونه وحشی (Mentha longifolia L.) در کوه تفتان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

4 استاد گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.29252/aridbiom.2024.21519.2010

چکیده

پونه وحشی یکی از گونه‌های جنس نعناع است که در کشور ایران رویش طبیعی دارد. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر ارتفاع از سطح دریا و مراحل فنولوژیک بر روی صفات مورفولوژیک، کمیت و کیفیت متابولیت­های ثانویه پونه وحشی در ارتفاعات تفتان انجام گردید. پژوهش به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل ارتفاع در 4 سطح (1800-1600، 2000-1800، 2200-2000 و 2400-2200 متر از سطح دریا) و مراحل فنولوژیک در دو سطح (آغاز گلدهی و گلدهی کامل) بودند. پس از تهیه نمونه از سرشاخه­های این گونه­­ها در ارتفاعات و مراحل فنولوژیکی مورد نظر، صفات کمی شامل ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک بوته، طول ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه و صفات بیوشیمیایی شامل درصد بازده اسانس، ترکیبات اسانس، میزان فلاونوئید کل، فنل کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی اندازه­گیری شد. سپس همبستگی تیمارهای آزمایشی و صفات مورد بررسی انجام گرفت. از دستگاه­های گاز کروماتوگرافی (GC) متصل شده به طیف جرمی (GC/MS) جهت شناسایی ترکیب­های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک بوته در اثر افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا کاهش و صفات طول ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، محتوای فنول کل، محتوای فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین مرحله گلدهی کامل باعث بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی مورد بررسی شد. بین بازده اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار، بین فنل کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار، بین فلاونوئید و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار، بین فنل و فلاونوئید همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار وجود داشت. مهم‌ترین ترکیبات پونه وحشی شامل α-Thujene، α-Pinene، β-Pinene، 1,8-Cineole، Limonene، Menthone، Menthol، Piperitenone oxid، Piperitenone، α-Terpinene، Thymol، Myrcene و Pulegone می­باشند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که مقدار این ترکیبات تحت تآثیر هر دو عامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا و مرحله فنولوژیک  قرار گرفته اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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